Cyanotic 'breath holding' and sudden death.

Diverse Presentation of Breath Holding Spells: Two Case Reports with Literature Review

Breath holding spells are a common and dramatic form of syncope and anoxic seizure in infancy. They are usually triggered by an emotional stimuli or minor trauma. Based on the color change, they are classified into 3 types, cyanotic, pallid, and mixed. Pallid breath holding spells result from exaggerated, vagally-mediated cardiac inhibition, whereas the more common, cyanotic breathholding spell...

Tracheomalacia and breath holding: a case report.

A child with a long standing history of cyanotic breath holding attacks presented with acute respiratory distress. Subsequent investigation established that her clinical condition was caused by tracheomalacia. We hypothesise that tracheomalacia might be an under recognised contributor to cyanotic breath holding attacks, the pathogenesis of which is poorly understood.

Permanent cardiac pacing in a 2.5 month-old infant with severe cyanotic breath-holding spells and prolonged asystole.

We report the case of a 2.5 month-old infant with cyanotic breath-holding spells, loss of consciousness and seizures. Prolonged asystole up to 70 s despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation was documented by 24 hour Holter monitoring. An epicardial pacemaker was implanted followed by no further loss of consciousness and seizures during spells in a six month follow-up period.

Clinical Use of Electrocardiography (ECG) in Children with Breath-Holding Spells

Background and objective: Breath holding spell (BHS) is one of the most common benign non-epileptic paroxysmal attacks in children triggered by a provocative action such as emotional distress and partial damage, and continues with breath-holding, cyanosis and syncope. This study aimed to compare the electrocardiographic components and the demographic data of children with BHS and healthy childr...

Cyanotic breath holding spell in a neonate. A rare entity.